History of Arab Civilization
The history of Arab civilization extends back to the many centuries before Islam, but the beginnings of classical Arab civilization can be traced back to the beginning of Islam in the seventh century AD. However, there is evidence that the ancient Arab civilization originated in the regions of Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula since prehistoric times.
Classical Arab civilization was established after the spread of Islam in the seventh century, when the arts, sciences, philosophy, and Arabic literature flourished. Thanks to the Arab expansion and the spread of Islam, some Arab cities such as Baghdad, Cairo and Damascus turned into important cultural and scientific centers in the Islamic world. During the Middle Ages, Arab civilization witnessed a great development in the arts, literature and philosophy, and made important contributions in the fields of medical sciences, mathematics, astronomy and engineering. In the modern era, the Arab civilization witnessed important transformations in science, technology, culture, economy and politics, and it had an important role in the development and formation of Arab and Islamic societies. In general, the history of Arab civilization represents a rich and diverse heritage that reflects the contributions of Arab and Islamic culture to the history of humanity. It can be said that the history of Arab civilization includes different periods of influence and interaction with other civilizations, and among these periods: Pre-Islamic period: It is the period that precedes the emergence of Islam, and is considered an important period in the history of Arab civilization, as the region witnessed social, cultural and commercial development, as well as the emergence of Arabic poetry and oral literature. The Rashidun Caliphate period: It is the period that followed the emergence of Islam and lasted for about 30 years, and witnessed a massive expansion of Islam and the establishment of the first Islamic state. The period of the Umayyad state: It is the period that followed the Rashidun Caliphate and lasted from about 661 to 750 AD, and witnessed a great expansion of Islam and the establishment of the Umayyad state in Damascus. The Abbasid period: It is the period that followed the Umayyad state and lasted from about 750 to 1258 AD. It is considered a golden period in the history of Arab civilization, as it witnessed a great prosperity in the intellectual, cultural and artistic fields. The period of modern Islamic states: It includes the period that followed the end of the Abbasid state, and witnessed an important expansion of Islam and the establishment of modern Islamic states. Arab civilization is famous for many important contributions in different fields, such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, philosophy, literature and the arts, as well as engineering, architecture, ... Arab contributions to human history include the following: Mathematics: The Arab civilization is considered one of the most important civilizations that contributed to the development of mathematics, as the Arabs translated many Greek, Indian and Persian books, and added to that many of their own innovations. The famous Arab scholar Al-Khwarizmi is considered one of the most important contributors in this field.
Astronomy: The Arab civilization is considered one of the most important civilizations that contributed to the development of astronomy, as the Arabs translated many Greek, Indian and Persian books, and added to that many of their own innovations. The famous Arab scholar Al-Biruni is considered one of the most important contributors in this field. Medicine: The Arab civilization is considered one of the most important civilizations that contributed to the development of medicine, as the Arabs translated many Greek, Indian and Persian books, and added to that many of their own innovations. The famous Arab scholar Ibn Sina is considered one of the most important contributors in this field. Chemistry: The famous Arab scientist Al-Khwarizmi is considered one of the most important contributors to the development of chemistry, as he authored the famous book “The Book of Chemistry”. Philosophy: The Arab civilization is considered one of the most important civilizations that contributed to the development of philosophy, as the Arabs translated many Greek, Indian and Persian books, and added to that many of their own innovations.
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